• Aspergillus nigerA niger is another filamentous

  2020-11-25

  

  Aspergillus nigerA. niger is another filamentous fungus, in which alternative dehydrogenases have been described. Filamentous fungi are a very important group of microorganisms that are used in industry (O’Donnell et al. 2011). Biotechnological production processes using these organisms are often hi

• DDR was originally cloned by the

  2020-11-25

  

  DDR1 was originally cloned by the group of Michele de Luca, at the time named TrkE. The Genoa-based research team identified the skin, and the keratinocytes in particular, as a major site of DDR1-binding activity [20]. DDR1 is also expressed in kidney, liver and lung (Fig. 2). The functional role of

• Studies also provide evidence that cytokines such as TGF

  2020-11-25

  

  Studies also provide evidence that cytokines such as TGF-β, a TH3-type cytokine, may also play a role in airway remodeling. Data obtained by Cohen et al suggest that TGF-β1 can induce human BSMC proliferation by increasing the expression of IGFBP-3. Hence, the mitogenic action of TGF-β1 could be rel

• Introduction Cyclin dependent kinases CDKs are a family of p

  2020-11-25

  

  Introduction Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of proline-directed serine/threonine kinases with roles in regulation of crucial cellular processes such as CEP 1347 and transcription [1]. One of the unifying features of this family is its dependence on association with cyclins/cyclin-like

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by the

  2020-11-24

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by the European Committee Fifth Framework Project QLK5-1999-01360. We are grateful to Dr. T.T. Hoang for the provision of plasmids pEX18Tc, pPS858 and pFLP2, Prof. B.L. Wanner for providing us with the plasmid pKD4 and related strains, and Prof. P. Soucail

• mlck br Materials and methods br

  2020-11-24

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusions Given that the activity of anti-plant virus compounds is related to host tobacco, virus, and compounds, we determined the effect of anti-CMV compound NNM on defense enzyme activity and chlorophyll index in tobacco, and we used RIB as

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from

  2020-11-24

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772196 and 31301693), the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (the 948 project no. 2014-S10). Rothamsted Research also receives grant-aided support from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences

• br Results br Discussion Adaptive drug resistance

  2020-11-24

  

  Results Discussion Adaptive drug resistance is a major challenge to the clinical success of cancer therapies. Incomplete inhibition of oncogenic signaling allows survival of “drug-tolerant” tumor cells, which persist in that state for variable periods before acquiring additional genetic mutati

• Co operation or synergy between PKA and Epac

  2020-11-24

  

  Co-operation or synergy between PKA and Epac has been recently reported in PCCL3 thyroid cell line in which cAMP is pro-mitogenic, in VX-950 australia to VSMC [19]. Our study demonstrates for the first time that PKA and Epac also synergise to inhibit cell proliferation in a cell type where cAMP in a

• EP receptors belong to the family of G

  2020-11-24

  

  EP1–4 receptors belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Trafficking events such as externalization, internalization, recycling and degradation dynamically regulate GPCR cell surface density. A fast-rate of internalization and degradation reduces GPCR surface density to desensitize

• Another important new result that has expanded the

  2020-11-24

  

  Another important new result that has expanded the range of functions of iPLA2-VIA in physiology and pathophysiology is its implication in macrophage polarization under stimulation conditions. Ashley et al. [129] described in peritoneal macrophages from Pla2g6−/− mice that the absence of iPLA2-VIA f

• To understand the behavior of enzymes in ILs at

  2020-11-24

  

  To understand the behavior of enzymes in ILs at a molecular level, it is first desirable to dissolve enzymes in the solvents. For soluble catalysts, there are many relatively simple spectroscopic and other techniques for obtaining accurate information at a molecular level. Parker et al. [9] reported

• Since the dideoxy analogues and served as

  2020-11-24

  

  Since the 1,2-dideoxy analogues, and , served as substrates for TgTCEA and TgTCEB, respectively, with the higher affinity (lower ) and lower turnover number (lower ) than their authentic substrates, PosA and PosB (such trend was more evident on analogue for TgTCEB than on analog for TgTCEA), an intr

• br Acknowledgements We thank Joseph Granger and Bryan Neuman

  2020-11-24

  

  Acknowledgements We thank Joseph Granger and Bryan Neumann for careful reading of this manuscript. This work is supported by NIH grants AG37609 and HL 60306 to TYC and CCYC. Introduction Eleven million tonnes of waste are produced yearly by the European pulp and paper industry (Monte et al.,

• Phenolic compounds generated during biomass pretreatment

  2020-11-24

  

  Phenolic compounds generated during fiin pretreatment inhibit and/or deactivate cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic enzymes as well as the viability and fermentative capacity of yeast and bacteria [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Phenolic compounds cause changes in protein conformatio

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